CCT333+Lab

Review the Tutorial 1 movies, and describe Jonathan Ives and his theory of 'undesign' in relation to his work at Macintosh. (200 words)
 * Tutorial #1 Wiki Question (2 marks): **

Jonathan Ives is the senior vice president of industrial design of Apple computer, and he is also the chief designer of some popular apple products such as iMac, iPhone and ipad. Ives talks about the importance to connect with the design he made. He believes that products should be design to connect to the outside of the world. He also talks about the intention of the design and the attribute of the product, and how they affect the final form of the product. The concept of “undersigned” refers to the idea if one design something based on reason and understanding, the product is meant to look and function in a certain way it is. Unnecessary design should not be added to the product. He applies these concepts when he designs the apple products, and thus reflects the efficiency that apple products represent. Every part will work and connect to each other, as well as the outside world. When designing the products, Ives and his team attempt to eliminate unnecessary parts and make it more accessible. Also, he spent a lot of time to work on the features of the products, attempt to get rid of the unnecessary part and create a clean and user-friendly design.

**Tutorial #2 Wiki Question:**  Choose a country on the map 'Design for the Other 90%' at[| **http://other90.cooperhewitt.org/**] and read through the description of the products designed for each country.

 1. Which product interests you the most, and why? (200 words)

The product that interested me the most is the solar home lighting system. It is a system originally designed for rural and peri-rural customers in India, in order to help them to continue their work in the evening, and to generate income even at night time. The solar power system also enable their children to study at night with better lighting. Electricity can only reach a certain places in the world. More than 1.6 billion people fail to access electricity in the living area. Most of them use candles, kerosene and oil lamps to get basic lighting, however, they are low quality, expensive and often dangerous to use. The solar home lighting system, created by SELCO in India uses solar panels, luminaries and charge controller to help users to save day light energy and use it at night. This is a cheap method with high quality lighting and is easy to use. And this product really interested me as the product not only helped people to gain lights at night, but also make use of the solar energy.

2. Which category would interest you to research further for your group project, and why? (100 words)

I would like to do research on the education category as it is important for children from the developing countries to be educated in order to help develop their own countries. And it is important for people in the developed countries to help them out. To create teaching materials and provide opportunities for them to learn and gain knowledge. I would like to know more about the policies or things that developed countries, such as Canada and the United States, have done or prepare to do for the children in the third world countries in order to help educated them.


 * Tutorial #3 Wiki Question: **


 * 1.) Describe Jan Chipchase's prior job (he now works at frog design [] ) in relation to his work at Nokia. What are the two names he is given in the article? (3 paragraphs)**

Chipchase's prior job at Nokia is working in the research team. He was responsible to research human behavior in order to find trends and what people response to different things in different cultures. By doing this, he attempts to obtain as much information as possible about human behavior in order to help the company, the designers, the technologist and the marketing people to promote and design their products.

Chicpchase's job at frog design, however, is a totally different job. Frog design is a global design and innovation company. Chicpchase uses the data he collects, make use of them to design products. The products they made will create an impact or new inspirations on people. His job in Frog design is to collect data of how human view the world and the environment besides them to create a new thing out of it. And that his previous job in Nokia is to collect data and to understand human behavior in order to find trends and how they response to different things.

The two names Chipchase was given in the article is "human researcher" and it can sometimes refer as "user anthropologist". It is because the work in Nokia allow Chipchase to see the influence of cellphone in today's world. In the article, it has mentioned that in some developing nations, cell phone represents a person's identity. Chipchase collects these information and data in order to find what is missing in Nokia's phone and the trend of what people are going for.


 * 2.) “It’s really quite striking,” Hammond says. “What people are voting for with their pocketbooks, as soon as they have more money and even before their basic needs are met, is telecommunications.” (World Resources Institute)**
 * In the spirit of this quote, describe four instances of how owning a cellphone enables users to better their lives. (4 paragraphs/ one for each instance)**

As a student who study abroad, cell phone means a lot to me as it enhance communication. The development of cell phone is a tool for me to keep in touch with my parents and friends. And it is hard to imagine the life without cell phone as it makes it hard to communicate with others even in emergency situation.

The GPS system in cell-phone helps me to locate and find a place easily. In the past, when there is no GPS system in my phone, when i am lost i need to pull my car aside and flip the map. With the GPS system in my phone, it is much more easy if i get lost on the road, i can just click the GPS system and by clicking only one button i can locate my spot and by typing a postal code or an address, it tells me how to get to my destination.

The social networking system such as facebook in cell-phone again enhance communication. I can always go on facebook, leave a message to my friend, update my status and start a conversation. It is like a tiny portable computer which provides entertainment to users.

Cell phone provides a level of convenience as it is portable and wireless. In the past, when one wants to phone a friend, he needs to stay at home or go to a place and talk with a wire home phone. But now, the wireless cell phone make it convenience as people can bring it along with them when they go out. It is small and portable, easy to use and it again, enhance communication as people can phone one another whenever they want to.  **Tutorial #4 Wiki Question: ** ** Write six paragraphs, one on each stage of the 'materials economy', and define its interactions. (6 paragraphs/one stage each paragraph) **

Extraction: This is the first step of the "materials economy". In this step, natural resources and raw materials are extract from their source to make products or goods. In this article, Annie Leonard also called this "'trashing the planet" because the extraction of resources take away the natural resources that we have left on this planet. The article also mentioned that we are running out of resources already. We consume resources in a very fast rate and if we do not take any action, we would end up having nothing to use.

Production: In this stage, energy will be used to mix toxic chemicals and natural resources together to make products. These products include things that we often used in our daily life, including computers and housing appliances. In the article, it is suggested that some toxics have been test for human impacts, but none of them has tested for synergistic health impacts. This is why Annie said it is dangerous as there is toxic substances in every product, and we do not know the harm they will cause to our health.

Distribution: In this stage, the finish products are being sold and distributed across sales. They try to keep the price as low as possible in order to sale the product quickly. And thus, the extraction, production and distribution chain can keep going. In this article, it suggests that the price we pay for the products is always not the production cost of the product itself. The price we pay for the products is actually a combination of costs, such as the production cost, shipping cost and delivery cost.This may lead to a low-pay and long working hours of labors in the third world country as companies are trying to minimize their production costs in order to maximize their profit.

Consumption: This phase is called the golden stage of the system as products are being consume and used up in this very stage. In this stage, promotions and advertising are made to encourage people to buy the products. And it is suggested that the United States has one of the highest consumption rate compare to other countries. When there is a higher consumption rate of a product, there is a higher demand of supply. And at the end, the more products are made, the more resources will be extract and as a result it will use up more raw materials that we have left.

Disposal: The more people buy, the more they dispose. Often, when people consume goods, they dispose the old ones or things that they do not want. As each consumers produce so much garbage, the garbage will be burned in the incinerator or just go straightly to the landfills. And this will cause pollution to the environment. When this cycle continues, the environment will be get worser and worser, day by day.

These five stages define the "materials economy". Each of the stages related and depend on each other in some way. Annie Leonard talks about these stages in the article, in order to tell people that we are in danger, and that we are harming the environment. And if there is no action taken, we will be in danger as the materials will be used up and there will be a serious pollution in the area that we lived in.

Look over examples of her biomimetic principles applied to products in the slideshow located at[] and write a short, one paragraph synopsis for each of your three favourite product designs. Describe why you like the design in your responses.
 * Tutorial 6 Wiki Question:**

Skeleton key - Bone furniture I like the creative ideas of this chair which it tries to mimic the growth of bones. Unlike other chairs with four legs, the bone furniture uses two points (one at the front, and one at the back) to make the chair stands. And their wise use of material is another impressive point as aluminum is strong and light in weight, it will not break easily and everyone can carry the chair without putting a lot of effort.

Leaving No Trace - Self Cleaning Paint One thing I like about this product is that it does not use any toxic detergent. This can help to save the environment from pollution. It is also good for human health as workers do not need to intake toxic chemicals anymore when they want to clean things. The use of repel water is a good choice as it can get rid of stains and at the same time make use of natural resources.

Avian Element - High-Speed Train In this design, I like how the design combine his observation of birds to create solutions to increase the speed of the train. It gives a feeling that the design and the nature world is link together as a whole. And that the designer do not only designed one of the fastest train in the world, he also help to decrease noise pollution that was produced by train. This for sure save the people who live near the train station.

Describe how he defines 'design as a collaborative process', and cite two examples of how creators involve the people they want to create for in their work, according to Bill Moggridge's lecture. (1 paragraph each/3 paragraphs)
 * CCT333 Tutorial 7 Wiki Questions:**

He defines "design as a collaborative process" as people who sit together to brainstorm, think about the ideas and work together as a whole. So that when people give out ideas of their own, it helps to broaden the ideas, provide different views and suggestions. He also suggested that users should be included in the brainstorming or working process, in which they can give their own thoughts about the products, what they think is useful and what they think is unnecessary. As designers are not the final user of the product, they might sometimes design the product according to their will, and may result in creating a less useful product.

The first example is the American Red Cross donor program. In this project, donors are involved by having their profile, with their pictures and personal testimony on the "why i give" card. By doing this, it can recognized the donor, while at the same time, it helps to encourage others to donate and gain more knowledge of the donating process.

The second example is the ear nose throat surgery machine. Surgeons are included in the design process. They (the surgeons) perform an interactive role in which they helped to redesign the tools. By doing this it gives them a sense of accomplishment as they feel like they are involved in designing the product, and it also helped the designer to understand the view of the users and to create a machine that will help them to perform their best in surgery.

Find an online example of a product which utilizes his principles of collaborative design which it involves people in it design. Cite its URL, and describe its design process in two paragraphs, and how it involved its user(s) in a a paragraph. (3 paragraphs)

www.wikipedia.org

The design of wikipedia is simple and clean. It is easy to use by all users as the direction is clear and simple. One can type in the keywords in the search bar to search for things that they would like to know. It can be a person, a word, or a theory. It provides a wide range of choice for users to use. Users can edit and contribute to the content without logging in or signing for an account. There is also reference at the end of the information, so that users can also look at for more information.

Wikipedia also provides users with a wide range of language to choose from. People from different countries are allow and can access to it. The editing tools are easy to use, just like the one you can see on word documents. One do not require any web designing skills, and he can edit it right away. Directions is simple and clear. Also, there is a discussion place for each topic, one can contribute to it after learning or acquire the knowledge from the wiki page. It is free to made any comments on the discussion page. And it provides an area for people to made discussion and opinion on a certain topics.

Wiki provides users a chance to edit and contribute to all pages without creating an account like other forums or encyclopedia. It also allows people to write and read according to their will. People can add and edit words, image and references to the page. Discussion forum are made for each page, so that people can make their own discussion regarding to the topic, gives opinion and support one another.

Describe how Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on "new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation" to perform "small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health". <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Tip: Opening up TED's interactive transcript is very helpful to understand her talk and also looking over her web site on the Environmental Health at Clinic at[]. (2 paragraphs)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CCT333 Tutorial 8 Questions: **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on "new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation" to perform "small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health". In here she suggests that if one wants to achieve a better inner health, it is important to start from the outside, the exterior. An example would be to improve the environment so that people would not get sick easily.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">One of the example would be the xDesign Environmental Health Clinic. Natalie Jeremijenko directs this environmental health clinic to create effect remediation of the environmental systems. By doing so, she aims to produce measurable and visible evidence and to coordinate projects regarding to the effective of material change.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Choose two projects on HowStuffisMade at [] and write about how they are made. (1 paragraph each/2 paragraphs)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ingredients is prepared before the gelato is made (tearing mint, washing mangos, stirring a pot of hot chocolate). Then the dairy base will be poured into the batch freezer along with the flavor ingredients. After 15-20 minutes, the gelato emerges from the batch freezer, and become smooth and creamy. Smoothes the gelato into the container. All label are written by hand and all the container will be sent to the basement until the delivery time.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Il Laboratorio Del Gelato **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It can take up to 10 days to make a jelly bean. The main ingredients of jelly beans are sugar, corn syrup, food starch, confectioners glaze, along with the different flavorings that make the unique individual taste. First, cook the flavored slurry to create the sweet soft centers. After that the machine called the mogul will deliver an accurate amount of cooked slurry into the jelly bean molds. The jelly bean trays are filled with corn starch and is imprinted with 1260 impressions of the jelly belly shape. The corn starch is then shaken off before reaching the conveyor belt. In this process, the jelly beans are given a steam bath and a sugar shower. It protects the tender centers with sugar to prevent them from sticking together. It takes about 2 hours for the process to complete in a specially designer stainless steel drums. The drums spin jelly beans at the same time workers pour in freshly made flavored and colored syrups onto the centers. And this process will be repeated for four times. And finally the centers will coated with granulated sugar to help the drying process. The stamp pad imprints 20700 beans every 5 mins. And in here the jelly prints will line up and get the logo printed on them to provide seal of approval that they have passed through the tests and are the highest quality jelly beans.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Jelly Bean **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Why is it important that we understand how stuff is made as part of our systems analysis and design process? (1 paragraph) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is important to understand how stuff is made as it gives designers a better understanding of the products. It is important for designers to have a better understand of the production process in order to find a better solution to improve the equipments, the products and at the same time to facilitate the workers.


 * Tutorial 9 Wiki Questions:**

According to the slideshow by Sylvain Cottong, who is an employee at <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], describe the tools and methods of 'service design' (2 paragraphs).

Tools and methods of "service design" are as follows: ethnography, customer journey map, service blueprint, ideation and service prototype. Ethnography is to make use of experiments to find out the service context and users habits or their needs. Customer journey map gives information on customers experience of the service along time axis. Service blueprint gives quantitative description of critical service element (e.g. time, logical sequences). Ideation require users participation in workshop in order to find out their needs and this is important to designers. Service prototyping is the create of scenarios that mimic the real-life user's experiences of the service.

According to Sylvain Cottong, she believes that service design is a customer centered approach. Customers experience is the main focus of the design, and the whole approach is to achieve high quality service in order to make things that are useful and desirable for the consumers.

From your personal experience, what would be a scenario in which these methods would be useful? (2 paragraphs)

A scenario from my personal experience would be going to a bar watching the NBA finals. The bar would expect that there will be more people as usual. People may go to the bar earlier maybe an hour or so before the game. The bar might want to put more chairs and order more drinks and snacks than usual (beers, chips). Customers might expect that the bar will have that specific sport channel, having more than one television maybe. The television is expected to be in good quality with more than one speaker.

The bar may want to set up the place earlier, for example, to set up the tables and put more chairs. Also, the owner of the bar may want to employs a few more part time waiters as there are more people to visit the bar than the normal time. They should also make sure that they can provide the same quality of drinks and snacks to the customers, to leave them with a good impression so that they will come back next time to watch a different game.


 * Tutorial 10 Wiki Questions:**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">Write three paragraphs to define the term 'ergonomics'. (3 paragraphs)

Ergonomics is the the science to design something safe and comfortable for humans. The benefits of ergonomics are to improve efficiency and quality. One of the examples of ergonomics include designing furniture that avoid muscle cramps. Ergonomics also plays an important role in the computer field with its design monitors and keyboards.

The goal of ergonomics is to optimized to fit users. Computer desks and chairs are always the focus of ergonomic design. If the product design well, people tend to extend their woking time with the help of the product (if they could sit and work comfortably). people may suffer from injury and stress if the products design poorly.

Ergonomic hazards refer to conditions in a workplace that pose the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of workers. They include vibration, repetitive and forceful movement, temperature extremes and posture from improper working methods as well as poor designed of workstations and equipments.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What is the 'Gilbreth system of motion analysis' (1 paragraph)

The Gilbreth system of motion analysis focuses on how a task is done and it also focuses on how to get rid of the unnecessary steps and process that lead to harmful movements for workers while bricklaying. When applying the Gilbreth system of motion analysis, the motion per brick will reduced from eighteen to give, and the number of bricks laid per hours will go up from one twenty five to three fifty, and increase the productivity by two hundred percent.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Who was Henry Ford influenced by the efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor? (2 paragraphs)

Henry Ford is an American auto entrepreneur who founded Ford motor company in 1903. And Ford promises to made the simplest car at low prices. Frederick Taylor, the efficiency expert timed workers with stop watched and noted their every movement when they made the car. By doing this, he reorganized workers to increase their efficiency. He divided the mobile production into different mini steps, so that there is no longer a need for skilled workers. And people could learn their own mini tasks quick and finish it up quick. Since the process is divided into several parts, and that workers will only finished a specific part with their own machines, it made things repetitive for workers.

The assembly line is created in 1913, when Frederick Taylor decided to move the cars pass the workers instead of moving the workers pass the car. And this assembly line became the key to mass production. The company make a big profit and only took one and a half hour to made a car, as this network help to deliver parts to an exact point of the line. And Henry Ford was able to increase the pay of the workers to $5 per day. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> What are the four basic principles of McDonaldization? (List of 4)

The four basic principles of McDonalization includes: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">efficiency <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">calculability non human technology <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">predictability